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Canadian Citizenship Act Updates

Canadian Citizenship by Descent (Bill C-3)

A major legal change now allows many people born abroad — including in the United States and elsewhere — to claim Canadian citizenship through a Canadian-born parent or grandparent. Discover if you qualify and secure your Proof of Citizenship.

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Regulatory Profile Summary

Statutory Act: Citizenship Act (Bill C-3)
1st Gen Limit: Removed (Dec 15, 2025)
Government Fee: $75 CAD
Processing Time: ~ 12 Months Average
Status Acquired: Canadian Citizen
Legislative Update

What Changed, and Why It Matters

On December 15, 2025, Bill C-3 came into force, effectively removing the "first-generation limit" that had restricted citizenship by descent since 2009. Under the old rule, if you were born abroad to a Canadian parent who was also born abroad (i.e., a second-generation descendant), you generally could not inherit Canadian citizenship automatically.

That limit is now gone. Depending on when you were born, you may now already be a Canadian citizen and simply not know it — or you may need to demonstrate an unbroken family chain and, in some cases, your parent's "substantial connection" to Canada.

This is not a small or obscure change. Genealogists and immigration analysts estimate that millions of people — a large number of them in the US and the UK — are now eligible to claim Canadian citizenship and apply for a Canadian passport under these revised rules.

Why Professional Guidance Matters

While the law has opened doors, proving your claim to IRCC requires exacting documentation. If you apply on your own and fail to provide correct, original-source vital records tracing your lineage, your application can be heavily delayed or outright refused.

  • Substantial Connection Tests: Knowing exactly how to prove your parent's ties to Canada if required by the new rules.
  • Global Record Assembly: Ensuring birth, marriage, and name-change records meet Canadian legal standards.
  • Avoiding Revocation: Ensuring your certificate is issued correctly the first time to prevent future audits.

How We Manage Your Citizenship Claim

Elnaz Imani, RCIC, provides comprehensive management for Proof of Citizenship applications, ensuring your family tree is properly documented and your legal rights are secured.

1. Eligibility Audit

We map your exact family tree against the complex timelines of the Citizenship Act to confirm your legal status before any fees are paid to the government.

2. Vital Records Assembly

We guide you on sourcing original birth certificates, marriage records, and name-change documents from around the world that meet IRCC's strict translation and formatting standards.

3. Application Filing

Complete preparation and formal submission of your Proof of Citizenship application, acting as your authorized representative to communicate with IRCC on your behalf.

4. Urgent Processing

If you have impending travel, employment, or educational needs in Canada, we can structure requests for urgent processing to expedite your certificate issuance.

Explore Related IRCC Pathways

Integrated legal services across all federal and provincial immigration programs.

Standard Citizenship Grants

Transition from Permanent Resident to Canadian Citizen via physical presence (1,095 days).

Spousal Sponsorship

Sponsoring spouses or common-law partners for Canadian Permanent Residence.

Express Entry & CEC

Economic Permanent Residence pathways for skilled workers without Canadian parents.

PR Card Renewal & PRTD

Renewing expiring PR cards, auditing 730-day residency obligations, and urgent travel.

Notary & Commissioning

Official document commissioning, certified true copies, and statutory declarations.

Contact Our Office

Connect with our Newmarket office or book a secure virtual consultation from anywhere in the world.

Frequently Asked Questions

Regulatory facts compiled by Elnaz Imani, RCIC #R526618.

Introduced in 2009, this limit prevented Canadian citizens who were born abroad from passing their citizenship to their children who were also born abroad. Bill C-3 removed this restriction, meaning many second-generation (and subsequent) descendants can now claim citizenship depending on their connection to Canada.
Processing for Proof of Citizenship applications currently averages around 12 months, though this can vary significantly based on document completeness, complexity of the descent chain, and the processing jurisdiction.
If you filed without submitting original source vital records, or received a certificate and were later asked to surrender it for review by IRCC, you should seek legal counsel. We can assess your file and advise on the next steps to protect your status.
Yes, a government processing fee applies (currently $75 CAD for the Proof of Citizenship application), in addition to any professional legal fees for our assistance in preparing and filing the claim.